Music Intervals - How to Recognize and Use Them?

This is the second part of our lessons about musical intervals. Click here if you wanna start straight from the beginning and learn about the basic of the different intervals.

Inversions of Music Intervals

The meaning of the word inversion is that you could take each and every interval and turn it upside down so that the lower note will be raised and become the upper note of the interval. Bottom line the relationship between the notes is reversed.

It is handy to be aware of that since it will help you later when you'd like to inverse chords (in order to keep your hand in the same position on the piano).

Another benefit of inversion of musical intervals is that you would be able to distinguish between intervals that sound alike.

When you inverse a perfect 5th you get a perfect 4th for example. Both sound alike to some students.

The minor 2nd and M 7th sound both harsh since they share the same notes only the minor 2nd is having very little distance between the note unlike the major 7th.

Here's a list of qualities and changes of sizes that occur when you inverse the different music intervals.

Qualities	Size	Example
Major becomes Minor Minor becomes Major Perfect remains Perfect Augmented becomes Diminished Diminished becomes Augmented	2 becomes 7 3 becomes 6 4 becomes 5 5 becomes 4 6 becomes 3 7 becomes 2

Dissonant and Consonant Intervals

The nature of music exists in movement. Music starts from a certain point, moves through different notes/chord which create tension and release until it finally reaches the final resting point.

In western music the music intervals share a relationship of tension and release. The reason some musical intervals sound more sweet or harmonic then others is because we got used to think of them as dissonant or consonant in relationship with other musical intervals.

The consonant intervals are intervals which are considered to be a resting point The dissonant intervals would lead to them. Here are the consonant intervals...

The Dissonant intervals are intervals which contain much tension. They resolve to the consonant intervals.

Here are a few examples of how dissonant intervals would solve to consonant intervals.

About Augmented and Diminished Intervals

Well, until this moment we discussed the augmented fourth and diminished fifth music intervals.

We took a perfect fourth and raised it in half a tone to create a raised fourth or a perfect fifth and lowered it in half a tone to create a diminished fifth.

But what's the difference between these two? Is it only the way their named?

Play Audio

A raised 4th will continue to go higher to the fifth while a diminished 5th would lead down to the 4th note. In the next picture you can see how these dissonant intervals solve to consonant intervals in the expected direction.

If you look further in the picture you'll see that every music interval could be raised or diminished.

When a major interval is raised by a half step, it becomes augmented.
When a major interval is lowered by a half step, it becomes minor.
When a major interval is lowered by two half steps, it becomes diminished.

When a minor interval is raised by a half step, it becomes major.
When a minor interval is raised by two half steps, it becomes augmented.
When a minor interval is lowered by a half step, it becomes diminished.

When a perfect interval is raised by a half step, it becomes augmented.
When a perfect interval is lowered by a half step, it becomes diminished.

A Handy Music Intervlas Table

Finally, here's a useful timetable which summerizes everything what we've learned during this music intervals lessons.

One note played in two registers

Interval's Name	Interval on the staff	Number of tones	Impression of the sound of this harmonic interval	Songs that begin with this interval	Dissonant/ Consonant
Unison		0	No harmonic impression	Twinkle, Twinkle little star	Consonant
minor 2nd		1/2	Harsh	Stormy Weather (Elvis Presley)	Dissonant
Major 2nd		1	Dense but wamer then the minor 2nd	Are you sleeping?	Consonant
Minor 3rd		1 1/2	Mellow, Melancholic	So long, Farewell (Sound of music) and The impossible Dream	Consonant
Major 3rd		2	Optimistic, Happy	When the saints go marching by or Halls of Montezuma	Consonant
Perfect 4th		2 1/2	Pure, Like Church Bells	Here comes the bride	Dissonant
Raised 4th/ Diminished 5th Triton>/td>		3	The devils interval Sounds creepy	Maria (West side story)	Dissonant
Perfect 5th		3 1/2	Sound pure as well (an inversion of a perfect 4th)	Star Wars musical theme	Consonant
Minor 6th		4	Mellow but more distanced then the minor 3rd	Black Orpheus	Consonant
Major 6th		4 1/2	Optimistic but more distnaced than a major 3thd	I did it my way (Frank Sinatra)	Consonant
Minor 7th		5	A chord full of tansions wanting to resolve to a M/m 3rd	The winner take it all (Abba)	Dissonant
Major 7th		5 1/2	Harsh but more distanced then the Minor 2nd (An inversion of a minor 2nd)	Bali Hai (South pacific)	Dissonant
Perfect Octave		6	Over the Rainbow (The wizard of Oz)	Consonant

How to Identify Melodic and Aarmonic Music Intervals?

First of all I suggest you'll learn the names of all the music intervals by heart and be familiar with the songs which are related to these music intervals.

Next, just choose random two keys on the piano and play them one after the other. Try to sing both of the notes (first the lower one). You'll realize that it's easier to sing the higher note then the lower note but don't give up!

Once you succeeded singing both of the notes you could try matching the melody with the related song of the interval you're singing.

As for the harmonic intervals, just play two notes together or ask someone else to do that for you. Ask yourself three questions in this order that will help you get the interval correct.